Modeling Décharges partielles Piézoélectricité Actionneurs Minor loops Electromechanical impedance GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Topology Optimization Electromechanical actuator Shape-memory Alloys PIV Inverse Problem Adjoint Method Iron losses Hysteresis Branch and Bound Algorithm Shear layer Sub-differential Hysterons Analytical modeling Smart materials Heat transfer enhancement Post-buckled beams Axial flux machines Optimization 3D finite difference method Torque Branch&Bound Electromagnetism Aerodynamics Magnetic scalar potential 1D multi-physics model 3EP Energy harvesting Steel sheet Relaxation method Optimisation Moteur électrique Sensitivity Analysis Actuators Paschen Topology optimization FDTD Optimal control Nonlinear modeling Torque Motor Time-resolved PIV Boundary integral equations Magnetic coupling Inverse problem Optimization algorithms Modèles numériques Electric motor Deterministic global optimization Design Numerical simulation Ironless 3D FDTD Electric Motors Piezoelectric energy harvester HYBRIDIZATION Interval arithmetic Morphing Magnetic Flux Leakage Eddy currents Conception Shape memory alloys Piezoelectric transformer Partial discharges Analytical model Force sensor Modèles analytiques Control Modélisation Piezoelectric actuators SIMP method Maxwell equations Turbulence PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Rosen type transformer PDE-constrained optimization Numerical model Global optimization Accouplement magnétique Permanent Magnet 3D Analytical Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Optimal design 3D FDTD HYBRIDIZATION Thermic process Synchronous Reluctance Play model Electrical machines 3-D Analytical Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Additive manufacturing Lorentz force law Exact global optimization Magnetic field Piezoelectricity Shooting method Finite elements